Business Plan Long Term Objectives

Question: Depict about the Business Plan for Long Term Objectives. Answer: Area I Section A Significance of vital arrangement assessment Strategy is characterized as a composed report that depicts in detail that how a business will accomplish its objective in a viable and effective manner. Then again, key arrangement is the way toward delineating long haul vision of the organization. It is adequately utilized for overseeing and executing key headings of the organization. In this way, it is viably imperative to assess vital arrangement while creating field-tested strategy in light of the fact that key arrangement assists with accomplishing long haul destinations in the association that prompts associations development (Olsen, 2011). It likewise gives successful establishment to the field-tested strategy. Also, field-tested strategy spread what and who of the business and vital arrangement gives us how and when. This implies key arrangement assists with making viable procedure for making long haul item an incentive to the client that is a significant part of strategy. Moreover, interests in business are likewise made fo r accomplishing long haul objective and vital arrangement assists with recognizing techniques that are successfully required for accomplishing long haul returns. As making successful money related arrangement is a significant part of field-tested strategy. In any case, strategy characterizes that where you need to take your business and key arrangement gives a nitty gritty activity plan that assists with accomplishing companys objectives viably. Steps to create quantifiable business destinations. Destinations are characterized as building hinders for accomplishing development in an organization. Furthermore, quantifiable business destinations are portrayed as something that can be estimated in quantitative terms. It is adequately evaluated in measurable terms to distinguish how a specific item or activity is acting in an association. Quantifiable business destinations are created to concentrate on how much change is normal or required in the association (Blyth, 2012). Quantifiable targets are essential to recognize the viability of promoting endeavors. Advancement of quantifiable business objective remembers lucidity for the business objectives to be set by the top-administration. The administration ought to likewise guarantee that the goals are time-explicit and pertinent. The objectives of the business might be produced for long haul yet they ought to be reasonable. It gives the administration to increase a feeling of achievement towards the achievement of by and large asso ciation objectives. Steps for creating field-tested strategy Official synopsis: It sums up long haul report of organization that gives powerful understanding and nature about the entire report. It incorporates a review of business idea, business destinations, target showcase, possession structure, upper hand, advertising system and synopsis of budgetary estimations (Williams, 2012). Organization review: Company outline is a fundamental piece of a companys field-tested strategy. It incorporates conversation about industry, client, items and administrations. It likewise incorporates statement of purpose, Goals and destinations, esteem proclamation and vision articulation of organization. Business condition: The business condition incorporates the idea of companys industry, bearings of the present market and the degree of rivalry. Organization portrayal: It incorporates explicit capacities and assets of organization. It likewise incorporates data about companys the executives, activities, its authoritative level and its market possibility. Business system: This piece of marketable strategy remembers powerful procedures to manage rivalries for the business. It likewise incorporates what stages a business is required to take for the accomplishment of its present system. Money related audit: It incorporates depiction about current monetary situation of organization which is reflected through Companys asset report, income proclamation and benefit misfortune account. Activity plan: Action plan incorporates the way that how we intend to do strategy. This part should include the proposed changes in hierarchical structure of organization (Tiffany, et al., 2012). It likewise incorporates powerful abilities required for the fruitful working of plan and furthermore incorporates approaches to make mindfulness for marketable strategy in the association. Significance of persistently checking on advertise. For accomplishing the ideal business destinations it is essential to make proceed with showcase investigation. This is viably useful in giving all the accessible data with respect to the market, so organization can roll out compelling improvements in promoting plan in like manner. In addition, successful market investigation likewise encourages business to distinguish that how well it is playing out the market utilizing its present market procedures and techniques. It additionally gives data about past execution of organization that is adequately useful to realize what task performed superior to other people. Alongside this, successful survey of market likewise assists with recognizing current needs and inclinations of its clients and furthermore changing business sector patterns. This assistance business to make compelling methodologies that are useful in meeting changing client needs. It likewise causes business to keep up powerful client base that will at last outcomes in long hau l achievement and development of business. What's more, proceed with advertise survey additionally encourages business to distinguish its solid rivals, so we can make viable methodologies to increase upper hand over our rivals through setting exceptional worth relational word (Fleisher and Bensoussan, 2015). Nonetheless, proceed with showcase investigation likewise assists with making viable suspicions about future by investigating current market development and patterns that will assists with making long haul benefits for the association. Client Profile Client profile is the portrayal of a client or gathering of clients which incorporates segment, geographic and psychographic qualities. It likewise incorporates clients purchasing behavior and buy history. Significant parts of building client profile Geographic: This angle characterizes where the clients and possible clients of organization live. This data encourages organization to adequately apply its market endeavors into nations, locale and states. Psychographics: This angle characterizes way of life highlights of a purchaser which incorporates conviction, conclusion, purchasing propensity and client esteems. Every one of these variables influence buying choice of shoppers successfully (Peterson, 2011). Socioeconomics: This viewpoint characterizes age, sex, salary, family unit size, conjugal status and instructive degree of focused clients. These elements help to reach focused on clients adequately. Standard of conduct: This viewpoint portrays about client purchasing behavior which incorporates recurrence of item buy, level of dedication and recognizable proof of purchasing inclination of shopper whether for cost or for execution. Significance of counseling partners Partners are commonly characterized as financial specialists in an organization. It additionally incorporates representatives, investors, providers, clients and board individuals. Reasons of taking investors worry being developed and correction of field-tested strategy (a) The results of business choices of an organization are dictated by the activities of its partners. As marketable strategy is set up to accomplish companys objectives and destinations in a productive way. Subsequently, it is critical to take exhortation of partners while creating and amending strategy since they hold a stake in the association. (b) At the hour of creating field-tested strategy taking exhortation of companys board part and chiefs assists with making viable technique that will assist with building up brand worth and situating of organization in the commercial center (Allen, 2015). (c) Taking input and perspectives on clients assists with recognizing and track current need and desires that assists with framing powerful business system in like manner. Furthermore, investors concern is likewise characterized as significant wellspring of data that assists with improving task structure and results while changing field-tested strategy. Part B Checked Thing Notes Depiction of the business Way of life draftsman is claimed by Peter Drew and it is situated in Brisbane. He has 25 years involvement with planning and creating imaginative lofts. The business extraordinarily centers around cooking the necessities of specialty by structuring compelling and imaginative inward urban lofts that suits the way of life of expert laborers. In the underlying stage the business will be locally situated containing most recent types of gear that will help in creating CAD drawings and 3D model introductions. Additionally, the enormous piece of the work will incorporate advancement of little and medium condos. Associations reason (crucial, and esteem proclamation) Vision: Premier engineering firm in Australia for making contemporary urban improvement networks. Strategic: innovative and network amicable inward urban lofts for the home and way of life of the working proficient. Worth proclamation: To give helpful and present day structural plan condos in concurred cost and time period. Hierarchical graph The Lifestyle modeler is the sole ownership business where the proprietor of business is Peter Drew. Key staff/proclamation The key staff of Lifestyle draftsmen is Peter Drew, who is the sole proprietor of the business having 25 years involvement with planning condos, retail shops and lodgings. The business is appropriately sorted out and overseen by single individual in a productive way. He is likewise having viable system of contact with significant customer with whom he worked before. Current objective market and advertising technique Current objective market: Initially Brisbane was chosen as the essential market since it is a profoundly populated city having populace of 1.8 million individuals. On premise of data picked up from the estimate done by Office of Economic and Statistical Research, the flow ta

Interaction with teacher Essay Example for Free

Connection with educator Essay It was all what I needed. It was what I longed for some time before. In any case, it was completely underestimated by the individuals around me. I was consistently the top understudy among all the six graders in our school, and because of that I am one of those whom they views as their inestimable pearl since I generally think of something, similar to another thought regarding a specific issue. I have been one of those sent for if there are challenges. They state I act and think like a grown-up as of now. Dislike some other ordinary understudies, I likewise happen to exceed expectations in sports and other curricular exercises. I am likewise a sprinter. I have consistently been running on target since I was in grade three. I applied a lot of exertion in it since it is my obsession. For quite a while I invest energy in preparing and being presented to tracks to win in future races yet I always remember to keep up my passing marks in my scholastics. In class, I have this exceptionally close educator in Math. I additionally love Math around then that is the reason I likewise like my educator. It so happened that my Math educator likewise happens to be our study hall counsel. At times, after classes and I don't have any training in the track, we generally have chatters and she would consistently encourage me to seek after whatever fantasies I have as a top priority and never to neglect to recall the individuals around me that had help me in accomplishing things throughout everyday life. She likewise advised me not to be derailed still give significance with my investigations since that is the most significant accomplishment throughout everyday life. There were troublesome occasions during my preparation yet I despite everything figured out how to endure on the grounds that I have an objective and that is to win. I never thought of stopping the preparation even how tired it gets. I kept on pursueing my fantasies and dreams that one day I will receive my benefit in due time on the off chance that I won't fall flat and go fragile. I can say that I am extremely decide and forceful to arrive at my fantasies that time. I think I simply merit each triumph I get as I oblige my picked way in light of the constancy that I have showed. Opportunity arrived when I joined a race. Each individuals would realize me would state that I have extraordinary odds of winning the primary spot in view of my hard trainings and my prepared aptitudes. The occasion came and I was good to go out to win the race yet incredibly, my mentor conversed with me in private and asked me not to win the principal prize. I can be in runner up or third spot as long as I won’t be the boss. I was so crushed after hearing this originating from my mentor, my tutor, the person who filled in as my model. I wouldn’t comprehend what to do. I was so disturbed and continued speculation whether to concur and follow my mentor or to go on the distinctive way and accomplish my fantasies. It was the most troublesome piece of my life, to pick something that nobody would be harmed. My inner voice, my will to win and my reliability to my mentor we’re all battling. What might I pick at that point? The occasion appropriate came, and the race began. I was on target and was driving. A considerable lot of my loved ones were all rooting for me. This made me progressively resolved to go on quicker and quicker. The end goal is practically close to when I recollected what my mentor let me know. My heart was pulsating as I saw the end goal. For the end goal would mean triumph and achievement yet for the time being, it implied obliteration and catastrophe for me. A couple of moments before I arrived at the end goal I eased back down, giving the others chance to win. At the point when I hindered I saw one young lady who was consistently at my back during the track was presently driving the race. At long last, the young lady made it to the primary spot while I was the subsequent placer. Every one of my companions, families and family members were completely daunted by what occurred. They all normal that I would win the race. I was down and fatigued, to the point that it previously influenced my presentation in school. I felt so embarrassed thus weakling for not battling what is correct. I have low confidence for a long while and my evaluations got lower and lower. At that point one Thursday evening, my Math instructor and study hall counsel called my consideration. She and I talked in her office. I realized she was going to reprove me for my terrible showings at school. Indeed, at the rear of my psyche that time it was okay on the off chance that she will denounce me since I simply merit it. Be that as it may, amazingly I wasn't right, thoroughly off-base. The second I went into the room she grinned at me. Grin? For what reason would she grin to somebody who is a washout? At that point she offered me a seat. During those minutes I am still confused on what might occur as we talk. At that point she inquired as to whether I am okay, so I said yes yet I said it tears simply fell on my eyes. She advised me to be consistent with myself and whatever I believe I should share and let it out. Along these lines, I communicated my dissatisfactions and everything that occurred in the race. She revealed to me that she comprehend why I was having low exhibitions at school the previous barely any weeks. Be that as it may, my life ought not stop there. She revealed to me that I am still youthful and that numerous open doors would in any case thump on my entryway and if that happens I should get it right away. She revealed to me that everything occurs for an explanation and for a reason that is to shape and form us to turn into a greatly improved individual than what we are. She revealed to me that my life ought not end there in light of the fact that there is still such a great amount available for me later on. Obstinate as I am, I disclosed to her that I don't need the future, what I need is presently. She at that point addressed me that I should live each day in turn and approach slowly and carefully. With her useful tidbits, I was cheered. It truly matters in the event that you talk with somebody who has a great deal to state about existence, similar to my instructor. I was unable to envision that she would get me out on the grounds that from the start, I thought she was only a Math educator, that's it, however it was refuted. My instructor truly contacted my heart and changed my life. After that discussion, I began again and now with an inspirational standpoint in life that regardless of how I fall I should settle on a decision to ascend once more. That was the means by which I think despite the fact that I was simply in 6th grade that time. Later it was discovered that the dad of the young lady, who was the victor, paid my mentor with the goal that I won’t succeed by any stretch of the imagination. Envision, up and down my rival realized that I was truly something. They realized that I can truly win the race that is the reason they were totally compromised by my triumph. I was a danger to everybody who was in the race that inevitably made the dad of the other young lady pay off my mentor to crush my vision, my objectives. In any case, regardless of how they put me down, reality came out and it was my ally. Achievement, winning and triumph are not tied in with pursuing a race all. It is a greater amount of having an unmistakable still, small voice that you made it that far in light of the fact that you never cheated, hurt anybody and stepped on other’s shoes for you own benefit. I thank my educator for the useful tidbits she has shared to me during the absolute bottom in my life. Instructors truly have any kind of effect in this world. They are there to show you scholastically as well as they are consistently there to help you and form your being for you to improve as a person that each general public fantasies about having particularly in this pitiless world at the present time.

7 Things You Didnt Know Could Impact Your Credit

7 Things You Didnt Know Could Impact Your Credit 7 Things You Didnt Know Could Impact Your  Credit 7 Things You Didnt Know Could Impact Your  CreditCredit scores are sort of mysterious, aren’t they? It’s tough to be sure what gives you good credit, what gives you bad credit, and what exactly the difference is.First of all, let’s establish what it means to have good credit: it’s any FICO credit score above 680. Bad credit is any credit score below 550. The worse your credit, the worse rates you’ll be looking at for any kind of loan, and the fewer lenders will be willing to offer you a loan at all.You probably know that failing to pay your bill on time is a big no-no when it comes to keeping a good credit score, but there are multiple factors you might have not even considered. Here are some of those factors!Cosigning on a loan.You’re a responsible person and a good friend. Someone you know is having trouble qualifying for a loan and needs you to sign on with them. It’s just a signature, right?Wrong! You’re leaving your credit future in their hands. As nationally rec ognized credit expert Jeanne Kelly (@creditscoop) told us:“Many people do not understand that the loan they just cosigned is just as much their responsibility as the other person they signed for. The loan and payment history goes on both of their credit reports. If the other person pays late, it will get reported on both their reports. If the other person lets the loan go into default, the cosigner is responsible for the balance. I wish lenders stopped using the word ‘cosign,’ as for some reason people do not realize the full impact. I wish they would just call it a joint loan.”Closing old credit cards.You know acting irresponsibly with your credit cards will mess up your credit score. But some behavior that seems responsible may actually hurt your credit.Per certified financial educator Maggie Germano (@MaggieGermano): “There are many things that can negatively impact your credit score, and some of them arent what youd expect. For example, closing your old credit cards ca n hurt your credit score, because it shortens your credit history. So if you have old cards that you dont really use anymore, keep them open. Another thing that can hurt your credit score is if something is sent to collections. Is there an old electric bill you never paid? Perhaps a medical bill that you couldnt afford? Track those bills down! Pay them off before they go to collections and get reported on your credit report.”A hard credit check.Most legitimate lenders will want to perform a credit check before determining if they’ll lend to you. That’s because your credit score is seen as an indication of your likelihood to pay back the loan you take out. But not every credit check is equal! There are both soft and hard credit checks.Trent Hamm of The Simple Dollar (@thesimpledollar) wrote an article explaining the difference. As Hamm says, hard credit checks are “ones where you’ve granted permission, they indicate that you’re actively seeking credit, they show up on you r credit report for everyone to see, and they tend to have a slight negative impact on your credit score.”“A soft credit check, on the other hand, doesn’t require your permission, doesn’t indicate anything about your interest in seeking credit, only shows up on the credit report you see, and has no impact on your credit score,” Hamm explains.If you need a “bad credit loan” from a lender who will consider you even if you have less than ideal credit, it’s better to apply to lenders who perform a soft credit check, so that your credit score isn’t harmed further. And it’s much better to consider a lender who performs a soft credit check than no credit check at all, as that can be a red flag that they don’t expect you to be able to pay back the loan and might be trying to trap you into a cycle of debt.Receiving a “charge-off.”You know missing payments is bad, but you may not have realized how bad it can get. Miss too many credit card payments and the credit card company will decide you aren’t likely to ever make those payments. That’s when they hit you with a charge-off.How does that work? According to LaToya Irby (@latoyairby) in an article she wrote for The Balance (@thebalance): “Once your account is charged-off, you will no longer be able to make purchases with the account. However, you still owe the charged-off balance.“The creditor will report a charged-off account status to the credit bureaus. This status will remain on your credit report for seven years from the date you first went delinquent. In the future, when creditors and lenders pull your credit report, theyll see you once were late enough to have a charge-off.”Irby goes on to explain how this impacts your score: “Your credit score will drop after a charge-off. Payment history weighs heavily in the calculation of your credit score. An unpaid charge-off will affect your credit score more when it first happens. As time passes, your credit score can improve if no ad ditional negative entries are placed in your credit report.”Missing a payment is bad for your credit score, but missing multiple payments should be avoided at (nearly) all costs.Having a high credit balance.Last time we wrote about managing your credit score, we asked author and debt expert Gerri Detweiler (@gerridetweiler) for advice. She told us about the importance of having a good credit balance.It’s not enough to just pay your credit card bill each month. According to Detweiler, you want to make sure you keep your balance at around 20-25% of your credit limit.She also warned that most issuers report balances before your payment is received, so even if you’re paying your bill back in full, you’ll still want to keep that balance from getting too high or risk negatively impacting your credit score.Not having a credit balance at all.Alright, so if racking up too many charges on your credit card can hurt your score, wouldn’t it be better not to have a credit card at all?No pe! That’s also bad for your credit. In a Forbes (@Forbes) article presented by Rent.com (@RentDotCom), the authors caution against having too few kinds of credit: “having just a single type of credit can decrease your score. That means even if youre building credit by paying student loans or in some other way, a credit card can still help you make your credit history more diverse.”If you don’t think you’ll be able to qualify for a credit card, you can consider a secured credit card. A secured credit card requires you to put down some money as collateral, but it will allow you to start building up your credit score so you can qualify for a regular credit card one day, should you choose to do so.Paying for a rental car with a debit card.That same Forbes article offers another quirky way you can hurt your credit score. Apparently “For some car rental companies, when customers use a debit card it causes them to order a hard inquiry on their credit.” That’s why they advi se you “Pay with a credit card or check the rental application to keep this from happening.”It’s hard enough just paying your bills on time without worrying about the sneaky ways you can hurt your credit score without even realizing it. You can learn more about credit in our eBook Credit Workbook: The OppLoans Guide to Understanding Your Credit, Credit Report and Credit Score. Hopefully, we’ve helped you to remain ever vigilant and get that score moving in the right direction. Up!Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsMaggie Germano  (@MaggieGermano) is a Certified Financial Education Instructor and financial coach for women. Her mission is to give women the support and tools that they need to take control of their money, break the taboo of discussing debt and income, and achieve their goals and dreams. She does this through one-on-one financial coaching, monthly Money Circle gatherings, her weekly  Money Monday newsletter, and speaking engageme nts. To learn more, or to schedule a free discovery call, visit maggiegermano.com.Jeanne Kelly (@creditscoop)  After being turned down for a mortgage 15 years ago, Jeanne Kelly realized she needed to get her credit in order. Not only was she able to fix her bad credit, but she took the skills and knowledge she gained and decided to share it with the world. Now she’s a nationally regarded credit coach and expert, with multiple books and television appearances. Follow her on Twitter and check out her site to get the credit help you need!

Ubaidian Culture and the Roots of Mesopotamia

The Ubaid (pronounced ooh-bayed), sometimes spelled Ubaid and referred to as Ubaidian to keep it separate from the type site of el Ubaid, refers to a time period and a material culture exhibited in Mesopotamia and adjacent areas which predate  the rise of the great urban cities. The Ubaid material culture, including ceramic decorative styles, artifact types and architectural forms, existed between about 7300-6100 years ago, over the vast Near Eastern region between the Mediterranean to the Straits of Hormuz, including parts of Anatolia and perhaps the Caucasus mountains. The geographic spread of Ubaid or Ubaid-like pottery, a pottery style which has black geometric lines drawn on a buff-colored body, has led some researchers (Carter and others) to suggest that a more accurate term might be Near Eastern Chalcolithic black-on-buff horizon rather than Ubaid, which implies that the core area for the culture was southern Mesopotamia—el Ubaid is in southern Iran. Thank goodness, so far theyre holding off on that. Phases While there is widespread acceptance of the chronological terminology for Ubaid ceramics, as you might expect, dates are not absolute across the entire region. In southern Mesopotamia, the six periods span between 6500-3800 BC; but in other regions, Ubaid only lasted between ~5300 and 4300 BC. Ubaid 5, Terminal Ubaid begins ~4200 BCUbaid 4, once known as Late Ubaid ~5200Ubaid 3 Tell al-Ubaid style and period) ~5300Ubaid 2 Hajji Muhammad style and period) ~5500Ubaid 1, Eridu style and period, ~5750 BCUbaid 0, Ouelli period ~6500 BC Redefining the Ubaid "Core" Scholars are hesitant today to re-define the core area from which the idea of Ubaid culture spread out because the regional variation is so extensive. Instead, at a workshop at the University in Durham in 2006, scholars proposed that the cultural similarities seen across the region developed from a vast inter-regional melting pot of influences (see Carter and Philip 2010 and other articles in the volume). Movement of the material culture is believed to have spread throughout the region primarily by peaceable trade, and various local appropriations of a shared social identity and ceremonial ideology. While most scholars still suggest a Southern Mesopotamian origin for black-on-buff ceramics, evidence at Turkish sites such as Domuztepe and Kenan Tepe is beginning to erode that view. Artifacts The Ubaid is defined by a relatively small set of characteristics, with a significant degree of regional variation, due in part to differing social and environmental configurations across the region. Typical Ubaid pottery is a high-fired buff body painted in black, the decorations of which become simpler over time. Shapes include deep bowls and basins, shallow bowls and globular jars. Architectural forms include a freestanding tripartite house with a T-shaped or cruciform central hall. Public buildings have a similar construction and a similar size, but have external facades with niches and buttresses. The corners are oriented to the four cardinal directions  and sometimes are built top platforms. Other artifacts include clay disks with flanges (which might be labrets or ear spools), bent clay nails which were apparently used to grind clay, Ophidian or cone-headed clay figurines with coffee-bean eyes, and clay sickles. Head-shaping, modification of childrens heads at or near birth, is a recently-identified trait; copper smelting at XVII at Tepe Gawra. Exchange goods include lapis lazuli, turquoise, and carnelian. Stamp seals are common at some sites such as Tepe Gawra and Degirmentepe in northern Mesopotamia and Kosak Shamai in northwest Syria, but not apparently in southern Mesopotamia. Shared Social Practices Some scholars argue that decorated open vessels in the black-on-buff ceramics represent evidence for feasting  or at least the shared ritual consumption of food and drink. By Ubaid period 3/4, region-wide the styles became simpler from their earlier forms, which were highly decorated. That may signify a shift towards communal identity and solidarity, a thing also reflected in communal cemeteries. Ubaid Agriculture Little archaeobotanical evidence has been recovered from Ubaid period sites, except for samples recently reported from a burned tri-partite house at Kenan Tepe in Turkey, occupied between 6700-6400 BP, within the Ubaid 3/4 transition. The fire that destroyed the house resulted in the  excellent preservation of nearly 70,000 specimens of charred plant material, including a reed basket full of well-preserved charred materials. Plants recovered from Kenan Tepe were dominated by  emmer wheat  (Triticum dicoccum) and two-rowed hulled  barley  (Hordeum vulgare  v.  distichum). Also recovered were smaller amounts of triticum wheat, flax (Linum usitassimum), lentil (Lens culinaris) and peas (Pisum sativum). Elites and Social Stratification In the 1990s, Ubaid was considered a fairly egalitarian society, and it is true that  social ranking  is not very apparent in any Ubaid site. Given the presence of elaborated pottery in the early period, and  public architecture  in the later, however, that doesnt seem very likely, and archaeologists have recognized subtle cues which appear to support the subdued presence of elites even from Ubaid 0, although its possible that elite roles might have been transitory early on. By Ubaid 2 and 3, there is clearly a shift in labor from decorated single pots to an emphasis on public architecture, such as buttressed temples, which would have benefited the entire community rather than a small group of elites. Scholars suggest that might have been a deliberate action to avoid ostentatious displays of wealth and power by elites and instead highlight community alliances. That suggests that power depended on alliance networks and control of local resources. In terms of settlement patterns, by Ubaid 2-3, southern Mesopotamia had a two-level hierarchy with a few large sites of 10 hectares or larger, including Eridu, Ur, and Uqair, surrounded by smaller, possibly subordinate villages. Ubaid Cemetery at Ur In 2012, scientists at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia and the British Museum began joint work on a new project, to digitize C. Leonard Woolleys records at Ur. Members of the  Ur of the Chaldees: A Virtual Vision of Woolleys Excavations  project recently rediscovered skeletal material from Urs Ubaid levels, which had been lost from the record database. The skeletal material, found in an unmarked box within Penns collections, represented an adult male, one of 48 interments found buried in what Woolley called the flood layer, a silt layer some 40 feet deep within Tell al-Muqayyar. After excavating the Royal Cemetery at Ur, Woolley sought the earliest levels of the tell by excavating an enormous trench. At the bottom of the trench, he discovered a thick layer of water-laid silt, in places as much as 10 feet thick. The Ubaid-period burials had been excavated into the silt, and beneath the cemetery was yet another cultural layer. Woolley determined that in its earliest days, Ur was located on an island in a marsh: the silt layer was the result of a great flood. The people buried in the cemetery had lived after that flood and were interred within the flood deposits. One possible historic  precursor of the Biblical flood story is thought to be that of the Sumerian tale of  Gilgamesh. In honor of that tradition, the research team named the newly rediscovered burial Utnapishtim, the name of the man who survived the great flood in the Gilgamesh version. Sources Beech M. 2002. Fishing in the Ubaid: a review of fish-bone assemblages from early prehistoric coastal settlements in the Arabian gulf. Journal of Oman Studies 8:25-40. Carter R. 2006.  Boat  Antiquity  80:52-63. remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth mllennia BC. Carter RA, and Philip G. 2010.  Deconstructing the Ubaid.  In: Carter RA, and Philip G, editors.  Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. Chicago: Oriental Institute. Connan J, Carter R, Crawford H, Tobey M, Charrià ©-Duhaut A, Jarvie D, Albrecht P, and Norman K. 2005.  A comparative geochemical study of bituminous boat remains from H3, As-Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ-2, Ras al-Jinz (Oman).  Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy  16(1):21-66. Graham PJ, and Smith A. 2013.  A day in the life of   Antiquity  87(336):405-417.an Ubaid household: archaeobotanical investigations at Kenan Tepe, south-eastern Turkey. Kennedy JR. 2012.  Commensality and labor in terminal Ubaid northern Mesopotamia.  Journal for Ancient Studies  2:125-156. Pollock S. 2010.  Practices of daily life in fifth millennium BC Iran and Mesopotamia. In: Carter RA, and Philip G, editors.  Beyond the Ubaid: transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East.  Chicago: Oriental Institute. p 93-112. Stein GJ. 2011. Tell Zeiden 2010. Oriental Institute Annual Report. p 122-139. Stein G. 2010.  Local identities and interaction spheres: Modeling regional variation in the Ubaid horizon. In: Carter RA, and Philip G, editors.  Beyond the Ubaid: transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. Chicago: Oriental Institute. p 23-44. Stein G. 1994. Economy, ritual, and power in Ubaid Mesopotamia. In: Stein G, and Rothman MS, editors.  Chiefdoms and . Madison, WI: Prehistory Press.Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity

The Tragedy of Sexual Molestation of a Child Essay

Imagine yourself as a child. More specifically, a young boy. Life as a child seems simple enough. While you are young you have care givers who try to make sure that everything is done for you. But there is still the matter of growing up. When you are young, adults cherish your innocence. Everyone just wants to protect you from the dangers of the world. You are a symbol of hope, with the whole world ahead of you. What if the innocence that all of your loved ones cherish, no longer exists? All the â€Å"cute† â€Å"corky† things you did was just acting, in a feeble attempt to bring back the child you once were. Something so precious was taken from you, and all you can think of doing is blaming yourself. The guilt consumes you the more you†¦show more content†¦Even with all these numbers and many more within the other resources of information, there is still a lot unknown due to how difficult this issue is to keep tabs on. Most of these victims feel as th ough it is their fault that they are assaulted, which is a good part of the reason they never tell about the incident. The embarrassment itself is enough to drown an individual. Sex itself does make the difference in the reporting of these incidents. The child is affected not matter the sex, though unfortunately women have a great chance of not being reported by young boys because in a way it is not seen as wrong. When a young boy is taken advantage of by another male, it has a different result on their psych. The boy feels weak, stripped of the manhood they never had the chance to come into. You feel like a failure, constant thoughts of never being good enough for anything fly through your mind. You question your own sexuality from time to time, in a world where it is best that you know what it is you like. You know from experience that you are not gay, nor do you find a problem with anyone who does, but at times you peg yourself as homosexual because of that incident. You do not want to tell the ones you love out of fear of them looking at you different. You already look down on yourself, and the last thing you need is for the ones you care about to do the same. Your siblingsShow MoreRelated Megans Law - Protection More Important than Privacy Essay742 Words   |  3 Pagesothers feel that it is an unwarranted intrusion into the rights to privacy of individuals who have already paid their debts to society. Megan Kanka should still be alive today, and, as a society, we have an undeniable responsibility to keep such tragedies from taking place in the future. We must not merely respond when sex crimes occur but must, instead, take an active role in preventing them in the first place. Megans Law is an effective attempt by legislators to help us achieve this goal. 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In the past few years, our media outlets have captured the images and stories on sexual assault, focusing mainly on College Institutions and how sexual assault cases have been handled within those institutions. Sexual assault is a very important topic toRead MoreEssay about Capturing the Friedmans1461 Words   |  6 PagesCapturing the Friedmans In 2003, Andrew Jarecki released his documentary Capturing the Friedmans, which explores a seemingly normal middle-class families struggle when the father and son are charged with sexual abuse and molestation in 1987. The Friedmans from the outside seem like a healthy family, abiding in a fairly exclusive Great Neck, Long Island community; the father Arnold is a Columbia Graduate and a school teacher, while the mother Elaine, a housewife. 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The origin of Satanism is said to have begun in 1966, in Walpurgisnacht, by Anton Szandor LaVey. He believed in personal freedom and individualism and founded the Church of Satan (http://www.the600club.com/satanism/). The Bible contains manyRead MoreEvolution or Revolution - Recurring ideas in Ibsen, ONeill and Shepard3024 Words   |  13 Pagesthe old masters tools, notably his retrospective technique, with perfection and insight, free in his indebtedness to the father of modern drama and, through his own work, pointing to the Ibsen tradition as a viable alternative in the search for a tragedy of our time.quot; (Man heim p.26). The use of exposition has become somewhat of a trademark for Ibsen, setting significant events likely to affect the drama before the actual play, this occurs throughout Hedda Gabler, for example Miss Tesman refersRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality And Self Concept2411 Words   |  10 PagesAccording to the American Psychological Association (2014), â€Å"Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress† (Para. 4). In addition, biological, psychological, social and cultural factors help shape one’s resilience. There are many different theories that lay a foundation for one to begin shaping oneself. One theory isn’t set in stone because identity is an ongoing process. Erickson theory â€Å"Psychoanalytic theory isRead MoreThe Maltreatment Of Children During The 21st Century2183 Words   |  9 Pagesto find missing children, and finally, what happens to children who go missing, their professions, lifestyles, and quality of life. Child maltreatment is essentially a synonym for child abuse, which is the abuse or neglect or any act or series of acts, regardless of commission or omission by a caregiver, which can result in the harm or threat of a child’s life. Child maltreatment is one of the leading reasons why children go missing. These instances of maltreatment are very much the reason why inRead MoreLink Between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder And Criminal Behavior1808 Words   |  8 Pagesthe traumatic event lead them towards a life of suffering. whenever the trauma replays it leads towards the sensations and increases distress (Hughes, 2011). An example of a factor that can lead to PTSD is sexual abuse. 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Martin Luther ; Henry VIII Free Essays

The Catholic Church has begun to sell indulgences, a way to pay off sins to reduce time in purgatory, to raise money. A monk who is outraged by the pope tricking innocent worshipers into falling for his trap writes down a list of 95 reasons why the church has become corrupt by the light of a scroll and furiously hammers them to the door ofa German church. Meanwhile in England, a king is denied an annulment to his marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther ; Henry VIII or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a fit of anger, he removes the church’s uthority and writes up his own religion for his land and people, with himself as to rule. A monk and a king; Martin Luther and King Henry VIII; two souls of polar opposites who broadened Europe’s worldviews of religion with their gifts of Protestantism and the Anglican Church. Martin Luther, born in Germany in 1483, was a man of logic: he studied law, as guided by his father, but longed to learn about religion. One night in 1505, he was caught in a horrid lightning storm. He prayed to God, promising to become a monk if he left this storm alive and unharmed. He followed his word and taught peacefully. However, in 1 516, one of the catholic pope’s commissioners was sent to Germany to sell and collect indulgences. This angered Luther because many of his people stopped attending church services, believing that since they had paid off indulgences, they had no need to ask forgiveness within the pews. He thought that since they would do this that they instead would spend more of an eternity in purgatory. On October 31, 1517, he began to write the 95 Theses, a list of reasons why the Catholic Church was corrupt in their intentions. He posted these onto the oor of his church with the intended audience to Just be the priest and a few others. However, because of the invention of the Printing Press, copies of Luther’s works were printed and spread across Germany- eventually Europe and into the hands of the pope. People related to Luther’s thoughts and this began Protestantism. Luther’s journey wasn’t over for him yet, though. After numerous warnings from the pope to take back what he had said, Pope Leo X excommunicated him in 1920. In 1521, Luther was called by a council of people, known as the Diet of Worms, for him to be tried as heretic. When he continued to stand by his word, he was declared an outlaw and went into hiding once returning to Germany. Meanwhile across the pond, Henry VIII had problems of his own. After taking the throne and marrying his brother’s wife, he had the dilemma of being unable to have a son produced between them. Henry turned to the Pope for a marriage annulment, but was denied ofa divorce. Henry didn’t want to hear ‘no’ for an answer, so he called forth the Reformation Parliament to declare England to be no longer under the control of the Pope. The Acts of Parliament closed down the monasteries and put Henry in charge of the church, which was known as the Anglican Church. Out of his took the throne, Protestantism began to take root. It was not until when Henrys daughter, Mary, took the throne that England was returned to the Pope’s authority. Luther never wanted to start a war against the church; he Just wanted them to let him and his beliefs in. In contrast, Henry wanted to show the church that he had the power and could do what he wanted. Henry desired to have a new church to control or his desires while Luther only wanted to help change the church (though this did not go in his favor). The Protestant Reformation combined both Luther and Henry VIII’s works as well as other scholars. In the end, Europe, and even the world, would never be the same if it weren’t for Martin Luther and Henry VIII making adaptions on their own. Without the Catholic Church putting up the walls for Henry or tainting the public to Luther, we would never have such diffusion between religions and cultures to add variety to our ancestors’ everyday lives and ours. How to cite Martin Luther ; Henry VIII, Papers

Pharmaceutical Engineering

Introduction Recently, the pharmaceutical industry has grappled with an increased cost in production partly because of uncertainty with regards to the necessities for regulatory compliance. Of particular interest is the validation of particularly the automation systems as well as the accreditation of Practices for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmaceutical Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Initially, the existence of many yet acceptable interpretations of these regulatory requirements led to confusion between manufacturers leading to inconsistencies in processing practices. With the inception of these practices, a part from increased costs in production, there has been a decrease in the rate at which new products come to market. (World Health Organization, 1997) In the year 1994, a body representing the pharmaceutical engineers in conjunction with b oth the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineers (ISPE) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agreed on a common course that led to the creation of Baseline Pharmaceutical Engineering Guides. These guides are aimed at aiding pharmaceutical manufacturers â€Å"in the design, construction and commissioning of facilities that comply with the requirements of FDA† (ISPE Baseline Pharmaceutical Engineering Guides for New and Renovated Facilities, 1999). As such, pharmaceutical industries are required to meet the current good manufacturing practices (cGMPs) which ought to coincide with the entire governing laws and policies. The joint interpretation of these regulations is important for the purpose of consistency, flexibility and enhancement of innovative approach in the design, construction and validation. The scope of this guideline is limited to the development of new products as well as the existing ones which tend to have limited baseline description. However, th ese guidelines are not intended to substitute the existing laws and regulations which apply to the same. To supplement this document, there is need to incorporate the existing laws and regulations to the same for the purpose of completeness. Basically, this guide owes its guidance from the following sensitive parameters: the critical processing step, product exposure, level of protection, critical parameters, critical instruments and systems, Good Engineering Practice (GEP) and enhanced documentation.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With regards to critical processing step, this is significant in defining consistent regulatory requirements and as such, it specifies the extent of product exposure and the level of protection. However, due to environmental regulations upon a specific methodology employed, standard operating procedures (SOPs) are used hence; this enhances flexibili ty in manufacturing designs thereby reducing the processing costs within the regulatory requirements. With regards to critical parameters, this has an effect on the quality of a product. This ought to be identified, regularly checked and controlled to maintain the product quality. In order to identify these parameters, manufacturers should have knowledge about the processing steps and as such document the rational for afterward examination. Critical parameters define critical instruments and systems and just like the parameters, they require in-depth documentation. As regards GEP’s, the guide requires that all processing elements in a facility to â€Å"routinely undergo some form of commissioning† (Milton, 2002). Basically all the engineering aspects of a processing system needs to be inspected regularly, tested and above all recorded down for documentation. GEP requires that prior to setting of the plant, all the stakeholders be involved in â€Å"the planning, design , construction and commissioning phases to ensure systems are documented once† (Latham, 1995). Enhanced documentation is a plus to the Good Engineering Practices. The essence of doing an exhaustive documentation stems from the fact that most systems and commissioning documents do not undergo regular update long after inception. Regulations entail change control with respect to certain document. Moreover, validation for the regular inspection of the critical systems to enhance consistency in quality has to be supported by documentation (Wichmann, 1997). Guide with respect to design of sterile manufacturing facilities Traditionally, the design and construction of a Bulk pharmaceutical chemical (BPC) plant is just like a chemical manufacturing plant and as such, they have ceased from being pharmaceutical dosage-form industries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmaceutical Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Lea rn More While chemical manufacturers give tolerances for traces of contaminants in the final product, â€Å"pharmaceutical facility and processing design requires provision for minimizing cross contamination and trace contamination† (International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH), 2009). In the ISPE guide concerning the recent facility design of BPC, the principles are based on the dosage-form pharmaceutical industries. Consequently, the guideline has become a vital tool in helping a project team meet the minimum restrictions for a facility design in line with cGMPs requirements. Just like in BPC, ISPE gives guidelines with respect to sterile chemicals manufacture in ‘Sterile Manufacturing Guide’. This document was obtained courtesy of great minds in the pharmaceutical fraternity composed of a task force of 50 personalities. The essence of this guide which dwells on engineering issues is meant at providing cost efficient facilities. It generally focuses on the aseptic processes that ultimately lead to terminal sterility of the final product. The primary features of this guide are: Product requirement, â€Å"GMP critical parameters† and â€Å"Critical Devices†, Terminal sterilization, Aseptic processing area, Protection of the product, Flow of people and material, integrated facility design, Barrier-isolator technology, Consistent HVAC principles, In operation condition for HVAC, Good Engineering Practice, Direct impact systems, Enhanced documentation and Indirect impact systems (International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH), 2007). The product requirement decides the vital aseptic needs of a given facility and as such, the ‘critical parameters’ can be established. The aseptic processing area is a region where formulation of the product takes place after which is packaged and sealed. This is a critical area where control of persons and materials ought to be perfect to bar cross contamination. An efficient way of a voiding this is by barrier-isolator technology which ought to be incorporated in the design initially during installation. HVAC principles give the baselines for aseptic manufacturing processes. Engineers and designers should take heed of this stage of operation where â€Å"regulators are particularly interested with the in the environment during in-operation condition† (Orange Guide, 2007). This is so because it is believed that this is the time when the product may be exposed. Designers should be in a position to identify the potential sources of microbial/ particulate contamination and the ways of ensuring quality air free of contamination.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Baseline standards also come in handy in the selection of materials as well as finishes since this impact directly on the quality of the final product. It would be insignificant for one to spend much in instrumentation and control yet the no GMP is achieved. As regards Good Engineering Practice, this needs to be applied to the entire facility to ensure compliance of the product with respect to quality needs. This guide brings forth the term ‘direct Impact System’ which basically means the facilities which have a direct impact on the product. Moreover, it highlights the term ‘Indirect Impact System’ which generally means the opposite of the former term. These systems ought to be â€Å"supported by enhanced documentation† (International Cleanroom Standards, 2007). Qualification for compressed air The facilities designed to support pharmaceutical operations ought to comply with the GEP and cGMP. These systems just like as it has been stated initially, t hey may have either direct or indirect impact on the quality of the product. The former system ought to be comprehensively documented and inspected with respect to critical GMPs limits. The stakeholders should agree on the degree of qualifications prior to the installation process. The impact assessment process is represented in the flowchart below: With regards to direct system, the fundamental parameters that ought to be analyzed are: purified water, water for injection, clean steam and HVAC and compressed special gas. The indirect systems that need to be checked are raw water treatment, cooling system, effluent treatment, heating system and boiler house. Commissioning overview normally takes â€Å"equipments from installation to operation as well as incorporating a systematic method for testing and documentation† (European Commission, 2005). Both commissioning and validation procedures come up with equipment lists, component lists, utility verification forms, systematic drawings and operating procedures. However, while validation focuses on user responsibility, commissioning focuses on supplier responsibility. Moreover, while validation is approved by the quality assurance team, commissioning is approved by engineering project team. Since compressed air system is a direct system, qualification work is needed. User Requirement Specification (URS) requires that quality of air be generated from the system at generation and point of use is determined. Furthermore, it calls for safety measure and prevention of contamination. Qualification for Nitrogen gas Air monitoring methods are used to regulate the emission of dangerous gases in the environment by keeping them within the set emission limits. The gases with limited emission limit include Carbon monoxide, compounds of Nitrogen Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur Dioxide and Hazardous air pollutants. The roles of industries are to mitigate these toxic emissions within safe limits. This is achievable through â€Å" Air Pollution Control Devices that include: Mechanical collectors (Hepa filters), Hazardous solvents (thermal oxidation, gas absorption scrubbers and adsorption) and selective catalytic reduction techniques† (Daly, 1985). Qualification for Steam systems Steam is widely used in processing of pharmaceutical products important for treatment. Steam exhaust from boilers also referred to as utility steam come in contact with products directly acting as potential source of ‘direct impact system’. This may be in form of condensate which settles on the products depositing contaminants (rust and additives) on the product. The quality of steam is determined by the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) which determines the final quality of the product. Steam comes in handy when carrying sterilization processes that include: Manufacture of Injectable or Parenteral solutions, which are always sterile. Biopharmaceutical manufacturing and manufacture of sterile solution e.g. ophtha lmic products (D’Elia 1994). Clean steam may cause contamination through humidification among other forms of contamination. Clean steam system design enhances formation of quality products. This is achieved by: â€Å"avoidance of corrosion, prevention of entry of contaminants into the system and, preventing microbial growth in the system† (Reeuwijk, 1998). For the purpose of validation process of steam utility, a sequential process ensures generation clean steam: â€Å"Develop a User Requirement Specification (URS), develop a Functional Specification (FS), Undergo Design Qualification (DQ), Installer Qualification (IQ), Operational Qualification (OQ) and finally Performance Qualification (PfQ)† (Commission Directive 2003 EC, 2003). Conclusion In a conclusion, for any pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, the need for ISPE Guide in the initial installation of facilities is vital to minimize cost due to redesigning of the entire system. The validation and commiss ioning of the processes should be done for once and for all by involving all the stakeholders to limit redesigning costs. Essentially, by implementing ISPE guidelines one will have basically met all the requirements for accreditation procedures set for pharmaceutical industry. This is so because it coincides with the requirements for FDA and WHO (Heinemann, 2003) Bibliography Commission Directive 2003 EC, 2003. Laying dawn the principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practice in respect of medicinal products for human use and investigational medicinal products for human use. London: Department of Health. D’Elia, L., 1994. â€Å"Bioprocess Engineering-Systems, Equipments Facilities†.Utility for Biotechnology Production Plants. New York City: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Daly B., 1985. Woods practical guide to fan engineering. Colchester, Woods of Colchester Ltd. Third impression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. European Commission, 2005. The rules governing medicinal products in the European Community, Volume IV. Good manufacturing practice for medicinal products. European Commission. Brussels: ViVio. Retrieved fromhttps://www.cen.eu/Pages/default.aspx Heinemann, D., 2003. Good Laboratory and Clinical Practices, Techniques for the Quality Assurance Newnnes, Oxford. International Cleanroom Standards, 2007. International Organization for Standardization. Brussels: ViVio. Available at: https://www.iso.org/developing-standards.html International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH), 2009. Quality Risk Management – 09. London: Department of Health. Web. International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH), 2007. Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients – 07 , London: Department of Health. Retrieved from: ISPE Baseline Pharmaceutical Engineering Guides for New and Renovated Facilities, 1999. Sterile Manufacturing Facilities, First Edition. London: Department of Health. Latham, T., 1995. â€Å"Clean Steam Systems†. Pharmaceutical Engineering.15 (2), p. 3. Milton, A., 2002. GLP Quality Audit Manual. Interpharm Press, third edition, ISBN 1-57491-106-6 (2002). Orange Guide, 2007.‘Rules and Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Distributors,† commonly known as the,’ MHRA, February 2007, New York University Press. Reeuwijk, P., 1998. FAO Soils Bulletin 74, Guidelines for quality management in soil and plant laboratories, New York University Press. Wichmann, B., 1997. Software in scientific computing, National Physical Laboratory. Measurement Good Practice Guide No. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. World Health Organization, 1997. Quality Assurance of Pharmaceuticals. A compendium of guidelines and related materials, Volume 1. Geneva: ILO Publications. This essay on Pharmaceutical Engineering was written and submitted by user Natasha M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.